Compass FAQs

First, you need to understand that the Earth acts like a giant magnet because of electric currents flowing within its outer core. The Earth’s outer core is liquid and electrically conductive. Heat and chemical processes drive convection in the liquid outer core, while the Earth's rotation helps organize that moving, electrically conductive fluid. Because moving electrically conductive material creates electric currents, and electric currents produce magnetic fields, these enormous currents generate the Earth’s
magnetic field. A compass needle is simply a very sensitive, magnetized needle mounted on a pivot so that it can rotate freely. The north-seeking end of the compass needle aligns itself with the Earth’s magnetic field and points generally toward the region of the Earth’s Magnetic North pole.

Traditional mechanical compasses with a needle point towards
Magnetic North, not True North.  More
precisely, the needle aligns itself with the horizontal component of Earth's
magnetic field at your location.  Because
Earth's magnetic field isn't perfectly aligned with the Earth's geographic
(True) North/South axis, Magnetic North and True North are different. The
difference also varies from one location to another and changes gradually over
time.  That's why a compass almost never
points exactly toward True North.

When you are looking at a map that is based on True North,
what you really need to know is the difference between where your compass is
pointing and the True North pole, as measured in degrees.  This difference is called magnetic
declination.  It is different everywhere
on earth, so you really need to know where you are (typically to the nearest 20
miles or so).  For reference, most places
in the United States are anywhere from 0 to +/- 15 degrees.  And yes, your magnetic declination changes
over time.  But it can take a decade or
more, for your declination to move enough to require an adjustment to your
compass.  You can learn more about
magnetic declination here: https://thecompassstore.com/pages/what-is-declination
and how to find your declination here: https://thecompassstore.com/pages/how-to-find-your-declination-value.

Something between “not very well” and “not at all”.  Remember the True North Pole is not exactly
the same as the Magnetic North Pole – but they are close, globally speaking.  And as you approach the Earth’s Magnetic North
pole, the Earth’s magnetic field becomes increasingly vertical, so a compass
needle has less horizontal force to align with. Very close to the magnetic
pole, the needle may become unstable and can point in almost any direction,
making a traditional magnetic compass unreliable for determining direction. For
this reason, navigation near the poles typically relies on GPS, gyroscopes, or
other instruments in addition to a compass.

The compass on your phone will show your direction to the
nearest 1 degree.  But that is the
resolution – not the accuracy.  In
real-world conditions, the accuracy of the digital compass in your phone is
roughly 3-8 degrees.  This means a
Treknor T580 baseplate
compass (which can be accurate within 1-2 degrees) is more accurate than your
phone.  

 

Magnetic North is the factory default in the Apple Compass
App.  But there is a simple toggle switch
in the Compass App that can allow you to show your compass directions relative
to True North.  Simply go to Settings
> Apps > Compass, and toggle the “Use True North” on. 

Not very well, and results vary greatly – even at different
locations in the same car.  At its core,
the compass is a really sensitive magnet. 
So, any ferrous metal (like steel) will adversely affect the accuracy of
the compass needle.  Even though your
dash looks plastic, there are lots of structural metal components underneath
the dash.  And then there’s the
structural steel in the A-pillar and roof. 
And don’t forget about your car’s sheet metal body, or the steel
chassis, and that big metal engine, and the metal in the seat frame you sit on.  Bottom line, if you want your compass to work
accurately, you need to get out and away from your car.  Probably 10 feet or more – and the further,
the better.    

Compasses can be adjusted for known levels of interference
in fixed locations.  Your car’s compass
is calibrated for the vehicles magnetic characteristics at the exact location inside
the car where it is installed during manufacturing.  If you were to move your cars compass sensor
to a different location in the car, your compass readings would all be off – if
it even worked at all.  

All the vehicle compasses we sold in the past were
discontinued by the manufacturers, due to the decreasing need (compasses
already in most cars) combined with the high return rate.  Vehicle compasses must have compensators for
the cars magnetic field.  If they don't,
they can be extremely inaccurate. 
Usually, a digital version can adjust for magnetic interference the
easiest.  But the compass has to be
installed in a location away as far from metal as possible.  The windshield is typically the best place
for an aftermarket compass.  But even
then, some small cars don't allow the compass to be far enough away from the
interference of the car.  Then once in
its location in the car, it needs to be calibrated with a procedure that
typically involves driving the car around an empty parking lot for
adjustments.  Then once calibrated the
compass can't be moved, without calibrating it again.  Due to all of these complications, proper
calibration can be difficult.  Hence the
negative reviews, high return rates, and discontinued products.  If you can find one, it would be best to be
digital and adjust for magnetic interference (most of the digital ones
do).  Best of luck in your search.  There aren’t many out there anymore.

A sighting mirror compass allows you to make direct eye
contact with your target while simultaneously viewing the compass needle and
bearing. By folding the mirror back at roughly a 45-degree angle and holding
the compass up at eye level, you can set your needle while viewing your target.  If you have 2 otherwise identical compasses --
one with a mirror, and one without -- in real-world applications you will be
more accurate with the mirror compass. 
And the mirror compass still does everything a baseplate compass can do.
We always say, if you can only have one compass, we recommend a mirror sighting
compass – it is just the most versatile option.  

Yes, but you may need to be careful about where you use it.
Buildings, vehicles, steel structures, power equipment, metal fences, and other
objects found in urban areas can interfere with a magnetic compass and cause
the needle to point incorrectly.  QUICK
TIP: If you're downtown and your compass reading seems wrong, move several
feet away from cars, buildings, railings, or other metal objects and check it
again. If the reading changes significantly, magnetic interference is likely
the cause.